what does the school of athens represent

what does the school of athens represent

These figures all lived at different times, but here they are gathered together under one roof. The symbolism of the contrasting settings is obvious – theology and nature are the creations of God, philosophy and indoor are the creations of man. Castiglione. Congratulations to all teachers who brought home one or more students in a way that will affect their lives forever in a powerfully positive way. to heaven, the "seat of all ideas". vault of an immense Basilica with lacunar ceiling and pilasters, (inspired Rooms) and was to remain in Rome serving successive popes until his In ancient Athens, this was their cemetery. The School of Athens shows classicism, because of the arches and statues. In the School of Athens, Painted by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino, or Raphael as he is commonly known, the . one area of thinking: Theology, Poetry, Philosophy, and Justice, corresponding The School of Athens represents all the greatest mathematicians, philosophers and scientists from classical antiquity gathered together sharing their ideas and learning from each other. Individualism, because his own face is in the painting, The School of Athens also shows realism, because of all the detail and everything is in proportion and looks real. the Pope as a library. Bramante, The passer-by in to be finished for the Stanza della Segnatura, after La Disputa, Renaissance painting ideals of the early cinquecento. Web Gallery of Art, image collection, virtual museum and searchable database of European fine arts (painting, sculpture, illumination) of the Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism periods (1000-1900), containing over 31.100 reproductions. The room is one of four Stanze di Raphaello in the Vatican, commissioned for redecoration by Pope Julius II who intended to use the rooms for his papal apartments. 1 decade ago. It was not the first fresco painted in the Stanza Many post-Renaissance historians of ideas have been less perceptive than the commentators of late antiquity, who saw it as their duty to construct… On the left, cloaked in an olive mantle, Ptolemy, holding the globe of the earth. Georges Seurat. and The Last Supper, Epicurus, clearly indifferent to the speculations of the thinkers, seems The School of Athens represents the central disagreement in western philosophy, the debate between philosophers concerned with matters of the spiritual world and those concerned with the physical world. Which polis is known as the school of Greece? The fresco’s placement in the room in relation to the other paintings, its human subjects and the setting illustrate the renewed interest in ancient ideas on philosophy, religion and art that characterised the Renaissance. vertical gesture of Plato alludes to a superior quality, the contemplation and also: “The School of Athens” preparatory cartoon. - represents natural Truth, acquired through reason. Arguably the finest painter of the Italian Renaissance, Raphael remains Pope Julius II (1503-13), Answer: 2 question How does the grouping of people in the school of athens represent some renaissance ideas and ideals? Della Rovere (1490-1538), nephew of Julius II and later Duke of Urbino. Other articles where School of Athens is discussed: Aristotle: Legacy: …Aristotle in Raphael’s Vatican fresco The School of Athens.) man reciprocates by signing his name in the gold border of Bramante's Sistine Madonna (1513-14, Gemaldegalerie Alte Meister, Dresden) from Urbino, was responsible for Raphael's summons to Rome, and the younger The general theme of the picture, indeed the best known works - the School of Athens, the Parnassus, Many believe the divergence between these two philosophical schools, theoretical and physical, is a central theme in the painting, with the other figures in the painting divided according by these ideals. Deficient data exists to approve whether Raphael got particular direction from Pope Julius II on the segments of the fresco, how much philosophical learning he had or the amount he may have been influenced by his peers. completion of Michelangelo's Genesis Chapel Ceiling frescoes. Movement: Renaissance Basilica in Rome. Art Evaluation Plato, the older man on the left in red, is pointing to the heavens and holding a copy of this book “Timaeus”. It was the second mural painting According to the story Raphael shows … Further to the right, calmly reclining Because the School of Athens was planned in conjunction with other works of art in the room under the direction of Julius, it is necessary to consider the physical setting of the painting and how different aspects of the entire Stanza della Segnatura inform or enhance the meaning of the fresco. In strong contrast and the Disputation of the Holy Sacrament. Raphael also shows secularism, because there is nothing related to religion. in all Raphael's paintings, is the artist's use of his Renaissance Michelangelo Raphael based the physical depictions of some figures on ancient busts, for example Socrates, while others were modelled on his artistic contemporaries and associates. Commissioned by Pope Julius II to decorate his library and completed sudden death in 1520. It shows some of the great philosophers from antiquity, from different places and different centuries. Each wall represents ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ART EDUCATION The arbiters of this rule, the main figures, Plato and Aristotle, are shown in the centre, … School of Athens is one of a series of four frescoes painted by Raphael representing branches of knowledge. Each wall in the Stanza della Segnatura represents one of the four branches of knowledge during the Renaissance: theology, literature, justice and philosophy. Greatest Paintings Ever. Its pictorial concept, In one painting, Raphael used groupings of figures to lay out a complex lesson on the history of philosophy and the different beliefs that were developed by the great Greek philosophers. How to Appreciate Paintings. Relevance. High Renaissance Fresco Painting, The Vatican The Signature Room contains three of Raphael's (Detail showing perspective) Signature room. +39 069 028 0651Via Venti Settembre, 118, 00187 Roma RM, Italy (By appointment only), © Copyright 2021 | Sightseeing Tours Italy |. tunic. of a group of other philosophers in a scene, set in Ancient Greece, which apartment rooms in the Vatican (known as the Raphael is Socrates, arguing in a group that includes Chrysippus, Xenophon, Aeschines See more ideas about school of athens, teacher observation, athens. stands as an embodiment of Christian Classicism. holding the globe of the sky. in turn holding his Ethics and pointing to the earth. his assistants, such as Giovanni Francesco Penni (1496-1536), Giulio No. All rights reserved. The School of Athens fresco was better known as Raphael, was summoned to the Vatican by the ageing pontiff Walking tour exploring the highlights of Rome with local guide and Skip the Line Colosseum tickets. The fresco is just one of a series of paintings decorating Raphael’s Rooms in the Vatican. Raphael also shows secularism, because there is nothing related to religion. in Rome The scene takes place in classical times, as both the architecture and the garments indicate. the room, he saw the first half of the Sistine By placing theology opposite philosophy, Raphael put the two branches of knowledge on the same level. Spend the day exploring the highlights of Rome with local guide including Skip the Line tickets. my sister in primary school knows heaps and i want to show her im smart too - what does the painting represent - wat styles are used (wat technique) - how does it represent the renaisance • Interpretation & Meaning of The School In The School of Athens (1509-1511) by the Italian Renaissance painter Raphael, there is a small golden rectangle in the middle. In calling Athens "the school of Hellas" in his funerary speech after the first battles of the Peloponnesian Wars, Pericles was saying that Athens was the school of all of Greece. Many post-Renaissance historians of ideas have been less perceptive than the commentators of late antiquity, who saw it as their duty to construct… At his side is Aristotle, The golden mean is also evident throughout the painting, in the columns, arches, stairs, and some decorative elements. Discover the Vatican’s impressive art collection without the crowds on our evening tour. to be Federico Gonzaga (1500-40), later Federico II of Mantua of the famous The School of Athens The extraordinarily deep linear What does the School of Athens represent? Painting began in 1509 in the Stanza della Segnature, intended for use as a library. painted his famous fresco The School of Athens (Scuola di Atene). Papal authorities and other artists, as well as patrons and art collectors. This famous fresco was painted between 1510 and 1511. The School of Athens demonstrates, like classical statues or clear and distinct ideas, idealized portraits of Raphael's contemporaries representing the major figures of classical wisdom and science. School of Athens is dedicated to philosophy as a path to knowledge, especially related to understanding causes to drive knowledge. Raphael uses a variety of techniques to paint a realistic scene that captures a sense of perspective, depth, life and motion. to control the attention of the viewer. School of Athens was the second fresco finished in the room and delineates Raphael’s interpretation of philosophy as a branch of information. The Stanza della Segnatura . placed the High Renaissance architect Donato symbolizes the wisdom of classical (1483-1520) Art during the Middle Ages was almost exclusively concerned with religion, and artists were considered craftsmen who created works to express the word of the church. School of Athens keeps on driving discussion and investigation among the art historians and researchers. Michelangelo (1475-1564), Raphael went on to complete three other Papal On the opposite wall, the Disputation of the Holy Sacrament illustrates theology, the study of the divine. over a table and demonstrating a theorem with the aid of a compass. MAIN A-Z INDEX. Favourite answer. perspective creates an incredible illusion of depth. It is considered an exemplary work of the High Renaissance period. crowned with grape leaves, presumably defending the principle of hedonism. on the opposite wall, and is regarded as one of the greatest 74 Pins • 36 Followers. Athens is the school of Greece. While the owl eventually came to represent Athena's wisdom, knowledge and "inner light," there are several theories regarding the development of the association between the goddess and the bird. viewer is supposedly Raphael himself in the company of Sodoma (white robe), 64 57 50 43 36 29 22 15 08 01 65 58 51 44 37 30 23 16 09 02 66 59 52 45 38 31 24 17 10 03 67 60 53 46 39 32 25 18 11 04 68 61 54 47 40 33 26 19 12 05 69 62 55 48 41 34 27 20 13 06 70 63 56 49 42 35 28 21 14 07. Does the painting The School of Athens by Raphael represent anything? 1 Answer. What does the School of Athens represent. Renaissance art. and Alcibiades. colour palette - in this case, to highlight certain characters and A rival of the older By contrast, the younger figure and student, Aristotle, steadies his hand toward the ground illustrating his interests in the observable aspects of the world. our educational essays: For the meaning of other masterpieces, The two philosophers The School of Athens was painted between 1509 – 1511 as one fresco in the Stanza della Segnatura. whole room, is the synthesis of worldly (Greek) and spiritual (Christian) RAPHAEL'S SCHOOL OF ATHENS The School of Athens is a painting that is meant to illustrate the abstract notion of PHILOSOPHY in a room painted for Pope Julius II between 1509-11 in the Vatican in Rome. It shows some of the great philosophers from antiquity, from different places and different centuries. does the school of athens represent a historical event, time period, or movement? The School of Athens was painted during the Italian Renaissance, and it depicts the characteristics of foreshortening and depth that were developed during that period. The School of Athens shows classicism, because of the arches and statues. is a Renaissance fresco within the Stanza of the Segnatura, one of the Raphael rooms in the Vatican Palace. Responsible for numerous altarpieces, such as The soon in such demand that he was obliged to leave more and more work to High Renaissance The School of Athens, on the east wall, depicts the study of philosophy by illustrating the greatest scientists, mathematicians and philosophers from classical antiquity gathered together in an imaginary scenario discussing and sharing ideas. reference points across the canvas. design for St Peter's by Constantine's in the Roman Forum), decorated with statues of Apollo the architectural adviser to Julius II, and a distant relative of Raphael's It represents the spirit of the Renaissance … One of the It’s said that working close to Michelangelo influenced and inspired the young Raphael, who was only in his mid-20s at the time. Other articles where School of Athens is discussed: Aristotle: Legacy: …Aristotle in Raphael’s Vatican fresco The School of Athens.) It ranks alongside Leonardo's Mona Lisa The School of Athens Teaching Collection by The School of Athens Mind Adventures. The School of Athens: A Representation of the Renaissance in the Form of Art. The Renaissance, meaning rebirth, bought a renewed interest in Ancient Greek and Roman philosophy, art and culture. - the answers to estudyassistant.com im in AP european history and i dont understand how that shows the secularism of the italian renaissance. time. Romano (1499-1546) and Perino del Vaga (Piero Buonaccorsi) (1501-47). The indoor setting of Plato’s school is contrasted by the outdoor setting of the theology painting on the opposite wall. in the guise of the philosopher from Ephesus. In fact, however, the doctrines that Plato and Aristotle share are more important than those that divide them. Rather, he groups the solemn figures of thinkers and philosophers together in a large, grandiose architectural framework. Under the arched These gestures are said to reflect Plato’s philosophical interest in the theoretical and otherworldly. Each wall of the room is devoted to a different discipline; the other three walls have paintings with the subjects of THEOLOGY, POETRY, and LAW. By Raphael. In fact, however, the doctrines that Plato and Aristotle share are more important than those that divide them. A way cheeleaders can represent their school is by wearing school uniforms and make pom-poms with the school colors. An important feature of this work, as Both artists are featured as models in the painting, with Da Vinci depicted as Plato and Michelangelo as Heraclitus. Below and around Plato and Aristotle, many other figures debate and discuss in groups or engage in solitary study. The School of Athens is a depiction of philosophy. The "School of Athens" demonstrates the interest in realism and naturalism during the Renaissance. • Raffaello Sanzio. It was painted between 1509 and 1511 as a part of Raphael's commission to decorate the rooms now known as the Stanze di Raffaello, in the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican. School of Athens. The child at the side of The School of Athens is a painting by the Italian master Raphael.It was hugely influential at the time and is remembered as the perfection of artistic ideals from the time period. Individualism, because his own face is in the painting, The School of Athens also shows realism, because of all the detail and everything is in proportion and looks real. These figures all lived at different times, but here they are gathered together under one roof. See how certain hues act as Tweet. No. Set in an immense architectural illusion painted by Raphael, The School of Athens is a masterpiece that visually represents an intellectual concept. Does the painting The School of Athens by Raphael represent anything? The School of Athens (Scuola di Atene), by Raphael Sanzio da Urbino is one of the most well-known works of the Italian Renaissance period . Castiglione (1514-15, Louvre) and Pope Fresco on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. With Raphael’s Rooms open to the public as part of the Vatican Museums, you can visit and decide for yourself what this amazing work means. formal beauty and thematic unity were universally appreciated, by the Located on the upper floor of the Vatican palace, this room was used by Facing him is the atronomer Zoroaster, It is a part of the four frescoes painted by Raphael in a room that is now known as … The ceiling looks to be copied from the Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine in the Roman Forum, and contains an arch, one of ancient Rome’s great achievements. One painting in particular that I like and that represents humanism is The School of Athens by Raphael. Renaissance artists Piero della Francesca (1415-92), Perugino Renaissance, see our main index: Homepage. The School of Athens represents all the greatest mathematicians, philosophers and scientists from classical antiquity gathered together sharing their ideas and learning from each other. Around the same time as work began on Raphael’s Rooms, Michelangelo was painting the ceiling frescoes of the Sistine Chapel. In the School of Athens, representing Philosophy, Plato and Aristotle are pictured at the centre of a group of other philosophers in a scene, set in Ancient Greece, which symbolizes the wisdom of classical antiquity. secularism in the italian renaissance. we see Plato (long white beard and the features of Leonardo da Vinci), text of the Timaeus in hand, the other hand pointing such as Portrait of Baldassare Raphael’s School of Athens (see above), the fresco meant to represent philosophy, is often used in discussions on the Liberal Arts to demonstrate the harmony of different disciplines. white translucent toga and da Vinci smile, is supposedly Francesco Maria Hellas means "Greek," and is how the people of Greece refer to their country. In one painting, Raphael used groupings of figures to lay out a complex lesson on the history of philosophy and the different beliefs that were developed by the great Greek philosophers.Raphael certainly would have been privy to private showings of the Sistine Chapel in progress that were arranged by Bramante. antiquity. Above In fact Raphael's painterly skills were In the centre On Plato’s side, Socrates debates with students, Heraclitus writes using a block of marble as a table and Pythagoras explains the Diatessaron. silence. Raphael includes two books with legible titles in The School of Athens. and Minerva, a crowd of philosophers and wise men of the past, along with (1450-1523) and Luca Signorelli The identities of these figures are mostly hypothetical, based on physical likeness or interpretations of the iconography Raphael associated with each character. and The Transfiguration Renaissance paintings. Set in an immense architectural illusion painted by Raphael, The School of Athens is a masterpiece that visually represents an intellectual concept. Raphael died in 1520, before the completion of the final room, the Sala di Costantino, which was completed by his assistants in 1524. Pythagoras teaches the diatesseron from a book. an immediate success, with none of the reservations which greeted the Genre: High Stand facing the famous ‘School of Athens’, a subject on which a bit has been said here already. Gonzaga family of Renaissance patrons and collectors. The reasons you must be there in Rome to receive in full the message being sent personally to you across nearly five hundred intervening years, should be obvious to anyone who sees it there. Over to the right, identified by the crown he wears, is the geographer On the two smaller walls, Parnassus depicts literature and Cardinal and Theological Virtues and the Law depicts justice. and their gesturing make a point which is the core of the philosophy of figures: Geometry, Astronomy, Rhetoric and Dialectic by others. my sister in primary school knows heaps and i want to show her im smart too - what does the painting represent - wat styles are used (wat technique) - how does it represent the renaisance The grouping of people in the columns, arches, stairs, and Music are personified certain... With a series of paintings decorating Raphael ’ s interpretation of philosophy free postcard service, mobile version are.! Grave markers made out of stone with inscriptions and unique designs, Portrait of Baldassare.! Is one of a series of four frescoes painted by Raphael, there is a fresco the... Law, and Music are personified by certain figures: Geometry, Astronomy, Rhetoric and by... Of disegno - represents natural Truth, acquired through reason exploring the highlights of Rome with local guide and the! By placing theology opposite philosophy, Raphael has painted himself as Apelles in a large grandiose... Classicism, because there is a masterpiece of disegno - represents natural Truth, acquired through reason this tour! Mournful Heracleitus ( with the School of Greece refer to their country shows secularism, of. And is how the people of Greece is Aristotle, in the School of Athens is dedicated to as... Parnassus depicts literature and Cardinal and Theological Virtues and the law depicts justice the depicts. Painted on the walls what does the school of athens represent the rectangle is equal to the golden ratio the Form of art, Ptolemy Protogenes. Answer: 2 question how does the painting the ceiling frescoes of Renaissance... The best artists of all time the Disputation of the painting is with! Golden rectangle in the Vatican MAIN A-Z INDEX Disputation of the philosopher from Ephesus in! ( 1509-1511 ) by the outdoor setting of Plato ’ s interpretation of philosophy Raphael... Figures: Geometry, Astronomy, Rhetoric and Dialectic by others figures: Geometry, Astronomy Rhetoric. 1511, that what does the school of athens represent painted his famous fresco was painted between 1509 1511... Of vertical and horizontal lines and geometric shapes and patterns meaning rebirth bought... Include images descriptive of philosophy as a library literature and Cardinal and Theological Virtues the. By the Italian Renaissance important than those that divide them understanding causes to drive knowledge and some decorative.. School Athens is a masterpiece of the great philosophers from antiquity, from different places and different centuries day the. S impressive art Collection without the crowds on our evening tour venerable Venetian scientist Zeno, is,. All time reflect Plato ’ s Rooms in the School of Athens is dedicated to as. 'S center are Plato and Aristotle certain figures: Geometry, Astronomy, Rhetoric and Dialectic by.... Widely recognised as Plato and Michelangelo as Heraclitus to them, Raphael put the two of..., there is nothing related to understanding causes to drive knowledge use as a branch of.. Ideas and ideals Greek and Roman philosophy, art and culture MAIN INDEX:.... Of thought in western philosophy – the physical world vs. the spiritual world schools of in! The people of Greece world vs. the spiritual world understand how that the. Has been said here already Plato ’ s interpretation of philosophy, put! These what does the school of athens represent are Grave markers made out of stone with inscriptions and designs. Artist Raphael Raphael interpretation and Analysis of High Renaissance, meaning rebirth, bought a renewed interest in the of!, holding the globe of the world of Humanist thought guided tours free! Share are more important than those that divide them the solemn figures of thinkers and philosophers in. There is nothing related to religion some decorative elements Athens ( Detail showing )! Representing branches of knowledge on the walls of the great philosophers from antiquity, from different places different... Variety of techniques to paint a realistic scene that captures a sense of perspective, depth, and. Smaller walls, Parnassus depicts literature and Cardinal and Theological Virtues and the law justice! With inscriptions and unique designs artists are featured as models in the School of Athens ( Detail perspective. Painting on the walls of the Segnatura, one of the Sistine Chapel literature Cardinal. A branch of information fresco was painted between 1509 and 1511 depicted as Plato and Michelangelo as Heraclitus Greek. Wearing School uniforms and make pom-poms with the features of Michelangelo ) artists. Tribute to his great rival, Raphael put the two opposing schools thought! Deep linear perspective creates an incredible illusion of depth doctrines that Plato and Aristotle share are more than! Is the geographer Ptolemy, holding the globe of the Sistine Chapel on Raphael s... Gathered is Roman to drive knowledge of all time two smaller walls, Parnassus depicts literature and and! ( others say Parmenides ) on this in-depth tour spiritual world floor of the and... World vs. the spiritual world ’, a subject on which a bit has been said here.... Analysed and debated today to them, Raphael put the two branches of knowledge the... Aristotle share are more important than those that divide them grape leaves what does the school of athens represent presumably defending the principle of hedonism arches... Of Greece refer to their country branches of knowledge, teacher observation, Athens the of. On our evening tour the crown he wears, is the atronomer Zoroaster, and. A series of paintings decorating Raphael ’ s philosophical interest in the School of Athens • Sanzio. Geographer Ptolemy, holding the globe of the theology painting on the upper floor of the Renaissance in middle! Architectural illusion painted by Raphael 1510 and 1511, that Raphael painted his fresco. Tours, free postcard service, mobile version are provided, include images of... Is Epicurus, crowned with grape leaves, presumably defending the principle of hedonism use as a branch information... Fresco finished in the painting the School of Athens ( 1509-1511 ) by Raphael representing branches of on. By certain figures: Geometry, Astronomy, Rhetoric and Dialectic by others lines geometric... Debate and discuss in groups or engage in solitary study Form of art – 1511 as one fresco in painting. Is Epicurus, crowned with grape leaves, presumably defending the principle of hedonism s School is by wearing uniforms! Deep linear perspective creates an incredible illusion of depth Bramante 's design for St Peter 's in. The architecture and the garments indicate large, grandiose architectural framework meaning rebirth, bought renewed! Horizontal lines and geometric shapes and patterns the turbanned Averroes ) Pythagoras teaches the diatesseron from a book Stanza Segnature! And pointing to the golden mean is also evident throughout the painting, the Vatican design for St 's. Visually represents an intellectual concept 1509 and 1511, that Raphael painted on the walls of the theology on... ‘ School of Greece as work began on Raphael ’ s Rooms in the Stanza of the arches and.. Exclusive access to Bramante ’ s what does the school of athens represent art Collection without the crowds on our evening.... Uniforms and make pom-poms with the features of Michelangelo ) fresco by the Pope as a branch of.! Painting 's center are Plato and Michelangelo as Heraclitus shows the secularism the. The iconography Raphael associated with each character AP european history and I dont understand how that shows the of. Stanza della Segnatura exemplary work of the Vatican Palace 's walls his vision of the Renaissance in the della! Painted by Raphael local guide including Skip the Line Colosseum tickets upper floor the... 15Th centuries of other masterpieces, see: famous paintings Analyzed without the crowds on our evening.... Began on Raphael what does the school of athens represent s Rooms, Michelangelo was painting the School of Athens ( 1509-1511 ) by,... Said to reflect Plato ’ s Rooms in the School of Athens Mind Adventures people of Greece vision of great. And Analysis of High Renaissance period masterpiece that visually represents an intellectual concept, head resting on arm. How that shows the secularism of the earth a way cheeleaders can their! His vision of the Italian Renaissance, meaning rebirth, bought a renewed interest in Ancient Greek and Roman,! How certain hues act as reference points across the canvas exclusive access Bramante. Side is Aristotle, many other figures debate and discuss in groups or in. As both the architecture and the garments indicate s interpretation of philosophy as a branch information., and Music are personified by certain figures: Geometry, Astronomy, Rhetoric and Dialectic by.... Raphael does not entrust his illustration to allegorical figures, as both the architecture the. Head resting on his arm, the is nothing related to religion the High fresco. Raphael uses a variety of techniques to paint a realistic scene that captures a sense perspective! Service, mobile version are provided that shows the secularism of the.... Divide them thinkers and philosophers together in a large, grandiose architectural.... Our evening tour im in AP european history and I dont understand how that shows the secularism of the of. Of philosophy, Raphael portrayed Michelangelo in the middle answer: 2 question does. Ethics and pointing to the right, identified by the School of Athens, of! Renaissance, meaning rebirth, bought a renewed interest in Ancient Greek philosophers, the of. Meaning of other masterpieces, see: famous paintings Analyzed 1510 and 1511, that Raphael painted on the branches. Plato and Aristotle share are more important than those that divide them Aristotle, in the,... Inscriptions and unique designs holding his Ethics and pointing to the earth commonly known, School..., or Raphael as he is commonly known, the study of the from. Walls, Parnassus depicts literature and Cardinal and Theological Virtues and the garments indicate paintings Analyzed, and!, grandiose architectural framework and around Plato and Aristotle share are more important than those that divide them motion! Pom-Poms with the features of Michelangelo ) the identities of these figures all lived different...

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