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musk deer is protected in which park

musk deer is protected in which park

The Temple Committee maintains Dharamshalas (rest houses or inns) for use by pilgrims and tourists at Trijuginarayan, Dougalbitta, Mandal, Gaurikund and Kedarnath. Through 1987, it had successfully reared nine deer. The headquarter of Kedarnath Wildlife Division is located at Gopeshwar, District Chamoli. Situated in the Himalayas, the park has rocks as well as steep mountains. Yang, Q., Meng, X., Xia, L. and Feng, Z. It is believed that these farms will play a significant role in musk deer welfare and conservation. Musk deer are found in 9 protected areas of Nepal viz. The Himalayan musk deer is not only the most primitive, but also the smallest ungulate living above the altitude of 2500m [1,3,5,6]. doi: 10.1016/j.applanim.2015.09.006, National Geographic Channel. Declining population (over 40% in 21 years) of this species and large scale poaching for profit, dictated the decision to declare it as an endangered animal (EN) in 1973 (Halloway, 1973) and the species was listed vulnerable in the red data book of IUCN in 1974. [3] The musk deers are also protected under the National Parks which accounts for approximately 13% of the Siberian Musk Deer population. [1][14][15] These deer dwell generally live alone at a density of 3-4 animals per square kilometer in meadows, fell-fields, shrublands or first forests. Its inclusion in the list is a confirmation of outstanding interest … The permission of trekking, camping or conducting scientific study inside the sanctuary is provided by DFO Kedarnath. By 1970, India only had five national parks. It is internationally important for the diversity of its flora and fauna (particularly of ungulate species). Watch. In the Mandakini River, fishes recorded include Schizothorax sp., mahseer Tor tor, Labeo spp., Gara spp., Barilius spp., Nemacheilus sp. [2], A typical temperate to sub-arctic climate prevails in the locale of the sanctuary. For example, in … Earlier, evidence of musk deer had been recorded at Kalatop Khajjiar Wildlife Sanctuary in Chamba district last year. nov., Glyptothorax spp. It is possible to remove the gland without killing the deer, but this is seldom done. However, of the 30177.19 km2 potential habitat, only 19.26% (5815.08 km2) is inside the protected areas and the remaining 80.73% falls outside the protected areas. During periods of winter, musk deer can survive in even poorer food quality ranging in foods that are low in proteins but are high in energy and can be easily digested.[6]. Rishikesh is the nearest rail head at a distance of 212 km (132 mi) from Chopta. IN THE MUSK DEER NATIONAL PARK GURAIZ, AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR, PAKISTAN B. D. Qureshi, M. Anwar, I. Hussain and M. A. Beg Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan Corresponding Author e-mail: baseerqureshi@gmail.com ABSTRACT In Pakistan, Himalayan musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) inhabits sub-alpine scrub, and mixed … Other temples, though not of matching importance, have strong legends related to the epic Mahabharata days. Aconitum balfourii, Angelica glauca, Arnebia benthamii, Artemisia maritima, Bergenia stracheyi, and Dactylorhiza hatagirea are among the threatened medicinal plant species of the sanctuary. Chitwan National Park in the Inner Terai region is one of the best protected areas in Nepal and provides habitat for such creatures as the one-horned rhinoceros, royal Bengal tiger, sloth bear, and gaur, as well as several The park spreading over 10,000 square km in five districts of Gilgit Baltistan and according to the locals it is a natural habitat for different species of wild animals including some rare species of birds. [4], Musk will mark their territory warning trespassing deers not to cross the boundary. Despite being a protected species under the Forest and Nature Conservation Act of Bhutan, the alpine musk deer is targeted by poachers for its musk pod, with an estimated 100 deer killed in Bhutan each year. The South West summer monsoon rains recorded is the mean annual precipitation of 3,093 mm (122 in). Musk deer have a preference for easily digestible nutritious foods that are both rich in protein and low in fibre. Sagarmatha National Park The Sagarmatha (Mt. Musk Deer Farm, Mandal Called kastura in Hindi, the musk deer can be identified by its thick, bristly brown coat, speckled with white on the flanks, the white stockings and a bare tail, which nestles in thick rump hair. [11], The sanctuary is rich in faunal, avifaunal and aquafaunal species (some are pictured in the gallery).[1][2][8][9][12]. Uttarakhand is home to rare species of plants and animals, many of which are protected by sanctuaries and reserves. In Russia, the Siberian Musk Deer is protected as Very Rare under part 7.1 of the Law of the Mongolian Animal Kingdom (2000) and also under the 1995 Mongolian Hunting Law. In Russia, the Siberian Musk Deer is protected as Very Rare under part 7.1 of the Law of the Mongolian Animal Kingdom (2000) and also under the 1995 Mongolian Hunting Law. But the funds are meant for the protection and conservation of the entire wildlife in the habitat, and not for musk deer alone. Declared as a protected area in 1910, it was later declared a national park in 1981. All trades regarding musk are subject to strict regulation to avoid exploitation of the survival of the deer. Recorded reptile species are Himalayan pit viper (Gloydius himalayanus syn. Few of the endangered species included marmot, snow leopard, markhor, ibex, blue sheep, brown bear, musk deer and snow wolf. Furthermore, the Chinese government has also established many national and provincial nature reserves as wildlife refuges, most of which are established within musk deer range and have the potential to improve the protection of musk deer in China. Auf der Enhanced CD Zusatzmaterial und Internet-Link und, das ist der Vermarktung dann doch etwas zu viel: Aufforderung dem Fan-Club beizutreten. 200million cm3[4] of China's forest recourses were cut down in the past 25 years in order to harvest the timber stock in trade for commerce. Achievements in the Life Sciences, 8(1), 65–71. The local Hindu culture is also imbibed by the Bhotiyas (may be with some Tibetan link) who have pastoral work culture and are an integral part of the valleys. [4][5] IUCN has reported that "From 44.4% to 48.8% of the sanctuary is forested, 7.7% comprises alpine meadows and scrub, 42.1% is rocky or under permanent snow and 1.5% represents formerly forested areas that have been degraded. The park spreading over 10,000 square km in five districts of Gilgit Baltistan and according to the locals it is a natural habitat for different species of … [2][7], The sanctuary is reputed to be one of the world’s richest bio-reserves. 1–8. Linkin Park wissen sich zu inszenieren: cooles Artwork, auffällige Musikvideos (etwa das Anime zu Breaking the habit), schickes Booklet mit Lyrics, Linernotes, Fotos. Anyone who illegally hunts, catches, sells, or trades musk and deer will be prosecuted. This is highly prized as an aphrodisiac and perfume, which has led to large-scale … During breeding season, male deer will grow tusks instead of antlers. The Alpine musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) is classified as an “Endangered” species by the IUCN Red list category. The Government of Nepal protected musk deer as Most Siberian musk deer are generally nocturnal inhabiting the mountainous taiga and found in shrub-covered slopes where foods are abundant. Musk Deer are differentiated as a subfamily of the Cervidae and bear four sub-species called Moschus chrysogaster (Himalayan Musk Deer), Moschus berezovskii (Dwarf Musk Deer), Moschus moschiferus (Siberian Musk Deer) and Moschus fuscus (Black Musk Deer). The musk deers are also protected under the National Parks which accounts for approximately 13% of the Siberian Musk Deer population. Hunters catch and kill the deer using snares. This results in severe cold conditions. It has large ears, a very short tail, no antlers, and the male has long upper canine teeth that project downward from the mouth as tusks. National Highway NH 58 from Delhi passes through Chamoli via Meerut, Muzaffarnagar, Roorkee, Haridwar, Rishikesh, Devprayag, Srinagar, Rudraprayag, Okhimath; and by state highway to Chopta. The Siberian musk deer (Moschus moschiferus) is a musk deer found in the mountain forests of Northeast Asia. National parks in India are IUCN category II protected areas. When marking their territories, musk deer gather fallen branches, tree trunks, as well as plant stems and place them in a circle. [6][10] It is host to temperate forests in the middle altitudes; higher elevations are dotted by coniferous, sub-alpine and alpine forests, and further up by alpine grasslands and high-altitude Bugyals. [4] New sightings of musk deer was later spotted in the upper northeast Asia and Russia; these spotted places soon opened their own musk market. (2002) Conservation status and causes of decline of musk deer (Moschus spp.) In India, large population of musk deer can be found in well-secured protected areas and its population is unknown. in china. D V S Khati, chief wildlife warden of the state, says, the protected areas where musk deer can be found receive between Rs 2 and 5 crore, depending on their expanse. It is internationally important for the diversity of its flora and fauna (particularly of ungulate species). [2] These tusks are used to compete with other males and attract females. [2], The sanctuary straddles a geographically diverse landscape and transitional environment. [12], Media related to Moschus moschiferus at Wikimedia Commons. Siberia. and Rhododendron (Rhododendron spp. Linkin Park haben begriffen, das populäre Musik … Research program of musk deer ecology in the Sikhote-Alin region. Males grow the teeth for display instead of antlers.[8][9]. National park authorities said they have been patrolling the park, but the site where the traps were laid was in a deep and inaccessible part of the gorge. It is expected that the population will be reduced to at least 30% over the next three generations. "[2], The sanctuary takes its name from the famous Hindu temple of Kedarnath which is just outside its northern border. Their small shape allows them to hide from predators through tiny openings in the rocky terrain and also allow them to run exceptionally fast from their predators. However, efforts from each sighted countries are beginning to reintroduce the musk deer's population. The major part of the killing tools represented … “The cries of help from these musk deer and eagles caught in traps must be haunting you,” the letter notes, pointing the finger at the park’s Chief Conservation Officer. The questionnaire survey was applied from October to November 2018. Der Francis William Bird Park ist ein 89 Acres (36 ha) großer Park in Walpole im Bundesstaat Massachusetts der Vereinigten Staaten.Er wird von der Organisation The Trustees of Reservations verwaltet und ist tagsüber für die Öffentlichkeit kostenfrei zugänglich. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.04.018. [2][3][9] Visitors to these temples have occasionally been attacked by wildlife. Various animals can be found here like the leopard, the musk deer, the Himalayan Black Bear, … Musk deers are among the premium animals, available only through purchasing diamonds with real money. V. E. Sokolov, M. Z. Kagan, V. S. Vasilieva, V. I. Prihodko and E. P. Zinkevich, Journal of Chemical Ecology, January 1987, Volume 13, Issue 1, pages 71-83. While placing the various branches around the circle, the deer will often do an olfactory examination and turn the back of its body towards the marked territories. It prefers altitudes of more than 2600 m. Adults are small, weighing 7–17 kg. Musk Deer Status, Distribution and Potential Habitat in PAs. The diverse climate and topography in the sanctuary area has created dense forests of chir pine, oak, birch, rhododendrons and alpine meadows with incidence of numerous Himalayan flowering plants. It has reportedly pharmaceutical properties also. We studied anthropogenic pressure on the musk deer population in the Khaptad National Park, Nepal. Once the male and the female deer have procreated, the females will become pregnant lasting over 6 months and can give birth to 1-3 offspring, usually between the months of May through June. 6.5.1. The adult male has a gland under the abdominal skin that secretes musk. In 2016, the Korean company Sooam Biotech was reported to be attempting to clone the Siberian musk deer to help conserve the species. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) has categorized Musk Deer as Endangered species and their population is found to be decreasing year by year since they are being poached for their musk. It takes approximately a year for the Siberian musk deer to reach maturity with an average deer living 10 – 14 years. India's first national park was established in 1936 as Hailey National Park, now known as Jim Corbett National Park, Uttarakhand. doi:10.1016/j.als.2014.11.005, Wang, W., Zhou, R., He, L., Liu, S., Zhou, J., Qi, L., Li, L. and Hu, D. (2015) ‘The progress in nutrition research of musk deer: Implication for conservation’, Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 172, pp. Erfahren Sie alles zu den Maßnahmen in unseren Märkten, zu Ihrem Einkauf und zur Liefersituation während der COVID-19-Pandemie. It lies within the larger Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows of alpine ecoregion of India, Nepal and Tibet,[6] The sanctuary is at its higher altitudes is characterised by glaciers which through glacial action over centuries have created deep "v" shaped valleys. A solitary shy animal, that lives in mountainous regions from Siberia to the Himalayas. These are the Mandani, Madhyamaheshwar, Tungnath, Ansuya Devi and Rudranath. … But the funds are meant for the protection and conservation of the entire wildlife in the habitat, and not for musk deer alone. Ancistrodon himalayanus) (common) and Boulenger's keelback (Hebius parallelum). This species was originally described as a subspecies to the alpine musk deer, but is now classified as a separate species.The deer stand at 60 cm (2.0 ft) tall, and only males … Despite being commonly called deer, they are not true deer belonging to the family Cervidae. It is most common in the taiga of southern Siberia, but is also found in parts of Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria and the Korean peninsula . The conservation project for protection of lion was started in the year 1972 in 'Gir National Park' in Junagadh in Gujarat. This high value of precipitation is due to the fact that the hill ranges to the south, of about 3,000 m (9,800 ft) height, are open without much of rain-shadow effect. • Dachigam National Park, Jammu and Kashmir • Kanchendzonga National Park, Sikkim. The questionnaire survey was applied from October to November 2018. On the basis of rainfall of 3,050 mm (120 in) recorded near Tungnath in 1979-81, the monsoon rain (June to September) was about 81% while snow precipitation during December–March was 11%. After the 1980s, the production begins to steadily decline due to hunting for their musk glands. Siberian Musk deer have a preference for easily digestible nutritious foods. The sanctuary has a large number of Hindu temples located within its precincts. Other ways the Siberian Musk Deer will mark its territory is by defecating in already marked territories or unclaimed territories.[5]. Most notably in the Sichuan plains, the musk production was accounted for 80% of the domestic trade in the 1950s. Out of 111 respondents, 77% reported that the primary objective for poacher kills to the musk deer was musk pod, followed by skin (15%) and meat (8%). The Himalayan musk deer ... there is an urgent need to give this species total protection in national parks and wildlife reserves in order to preserve genetic diversity and maintain essential ecological processes and life support systems. National Park, Rara National Park, Khaptad National Park, and Makalu Barun National Park [4]. The musk deers are also protected under the National Parks which accounts for approximately 13% of the Siberian Musk Deer … Located in the Himalayan Highlands with an elevation ranging from 1,160 m (3,810 ft) (near Phata) to the Chaukhamba peak at 7,068 m (23,189 ft), it was a notified reserve forest between 1916 and 1920. [2], Among the more notable of the animals in the region is the animal for which it is alternatively named; the musk deer. In June 2019, a tiger was also captured on camera in this sanctuary.[13]. Musk deer are found in the various protected area located in the higher elevation. Conservation works get further delayed as sanctuaries receive money towards the end of the … and Balitora brucei. In Russia, the Siberian Musk Deer is protected as Very Rare under part 7.1 of the Law of the Mongolian Animal Kingdom (2000) and also under the 1995 Mongolian Hunting Law. Maksimova, D. A., Seryodkin, I. V., Zaitsev, V. A., & Miquelle, D. G. (2014). It was changed to a sanctuary on 21 January 1972, and has been designated a "Habitat/Species Management Area" by the IUCN. [2], Due to the severe amount of poaching for its musk gland, the deer population is continuing to decrease. Only males produce the musk, so this creates a problem because females and young are caught in the traps and killed. ). [1][2] Since 1972, the area of the park has expanded from 967–975 ha (2,390–2,409 acres). 3-Methylpentadecanone (muscone) was not identified among the secretion lipids.[11]. Kedarnath Wild Life Sanctuary, also called the Kedarnath Musk Deer Sanctuary, is a wildlife sanctuary declared under Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 and located in Uttarakhand, India. Then the cycle of over-harvesting the deer's musk continued until the exploitation severely reduced the musk deer's population. Consisting of an area of 975 km 2 (376 sq mi), it is the largest protected area in the western Himalayas.It is famous for alpine musk deer, Himalayan Thar, Himalayan Griffon, Himalayan Black bear, Snow Leopard and other flora park and fauna. The dense forests, hills and mountains of Sikkim are home to a huge variety of animal species from musk deer and red panda , to bharal or blue sheep ,the Himalayan black bear and the exclusive snow leopard. Edit. Musk deer are found in the various protected area located in the higher elevation. Deer musk has been a key constituent in many perfumes since its discovery, being held to give a perfume long-lasting power as a fixative. The rocky location provides crevices and crags for the musk deer to hide from many predators, such as lynx and wolverines. Conservation Biology, 2005, 19: 368-378http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00602.x/abstract, Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows, "Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows", "Kedarnath Musk Deer Sanctuary - Wild Beauty", "Tiger spotted in Kedarnath at 3,400m altitude", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kedarnath_Wildlife_Sanctuary&oldid=996953661, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 29 December 2020, at 09:51. For about three months, following heavy snowfall in December, the sanctuary is snow-covered. Deforestation is a severe threat to the musk deer's long term survival because the deer can only live in a few areas. Only a few tens of grams can be extracted from an adult male. Further, there are reports of the finding of the musk deer outside the protected area of Nepal. Conservation. Musk deer occupy the middle to the higher mountain regions, which cover 12 protected areas of Nepal (6 national parks, 5 conservation areas, 1 hunting reserve). The approach to Kedarnath Temple is only through the sanctuary. At the international level, trading musk is controlled through CITES. Wildlife Division. It is most common in the taiga of southern Siberia, but is also found in parts of Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria and the Korean peninsula. The decline of the Siberian Musk Deer's population began in China where most of the deer population was abundant. Qi, W.-H., Li, J., Zhang, X.-Y., Wang, Z.-K., Li, X.-X., Yang, C.-Z., Fu, W. and Yue, B.-S. (2011) ‘The reproductive performance of female forest musk deer () in captivity’, Theriogenology, 76(5), pp. [1] Consisting of an area of 975 km2 (376 sq mi), it is the largest protected area in the western Himalayas.It is famous for alpine musk deer, Himalayan Thar, Himalayan Griffon, Himalayan Black bear, Snow Leopard and other flora park and fauna. New Delhi: There is only one musk deer alive in the zoos across India.The detail furnished by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and climate change (MoECC) in response to an RTI query shows that the sole surviving deer is in the Himalayan Nature Park, Kufri. Despite its high price, musk tinctures were used in perfumery until 1979, when musk deer were protected as an endangered species by the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES). The conservation … The various places where Musk deer are found in India are, • Kedarnath Wild Life Sanctuary, located at Uttrakhand is the national sanctuary established primarily to protect musk deer.It is also named as "Kedarnath Musk deer Sanctuary". The musk deer family differs from cervids, or true deer, by lacking antlers and facial glands and by possessing only a single pair of teats, a gallbladder, a caudal gland, a pair of tusk-like teeth and—of particular economic importance to humans—a musk gland. The park includes Muskauer Park/Park Mużakowski – an outstanding example of a European park, a crafted ideal landscape, and a new approach to designing greenery in urbanized spaces – was included in the world heritage list according to the convention concerning the protection of the world cultural and natural heritage on July 2, 2004. The entire 14 km (9 mi) route from Gaurikund to Kedarnath temple (3,584 m or 11,759 ft) passes through the sanctuary in uttrakhand. Important bird species reported are Himalayan monal (Lophophorus impejanus) (the state bird of Uttarakhand), Snow Partridge (Lerwa lerwa), kalij pheasant (lophura leucomelanos hamiltonii), koklass pheasant (Pucrasia macrolopha), West Himalayan bush warbler (Locustella kashmirensis), little pied flycatcher (Ficedula westermanni), grey-cheeked warbler (Seicercus poliogenys) and Rusty-flanked treecreeper (Certhia nipalensis). The sanctuary is geographically situated in the Chamoli and Rudraprayag districts of Uttarakhand. Black Bear, … 6.5.1 territories. [ 11 ], 65–71 nationals. Taiga and found in the traps and killed gland without killing the deer.!, Russia, North China and Korea - m. m. moschiferus was accounted for 80 % the... Mongolia, Russia, North Mongolia, Russia, North China and Korea - m. moschiferus! Farms will play a significant role in musk deer outside the protected area located in the Life Sciences 8! 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