ericsson 5g nodes
Guard periods are used for isolation with a configurable total guard time expressed as an integer number of symbols. This prevents interference between different networks using adjacent frequency bands or between national borders, because it enables the phase alignment of the radio frames generated by different networks with overlapping areas. Time synchronization is also required in FDD networks when different radio coordination features are used. Their challenges include: How to profit from opportunity with a flexible core that embraces openness and the new ecosystem that will spring from the The time synchronization reference is carried through a PTP, where the PRTC is the source of time for the PTP Grandmaster, also known as the Telecom Grandmaster (T-GM). 3GPP-defined asynchronous dual connectivity without TAE requirements and ∆Tprop restrictions is an example of a feature with no timing requirement. Figure 1: Synchronization in new network scenarios. Possible future regulations of national authorities may also be relevant. has worked with timing and synchronization distribution within the RAN base station and with air transmission accuracy for 20 years. GNSS satellites visibility is important for proper operation. The split option is denominated as 7-2x and it is an intra-PHY split – that is, some parts of the 3GPP PHY layer are implemented in the DU and others in the RU [9]. The optimal solution for a specific network may depend on existing synchronization feature support of the network and network elements, transport network modernization plans that improve synchronization support, as well as operator preferences. The higher accuracy of GNSS compared with other synchronization sources allows for comparatively longer holdover periods. PTP with “full timing support from the network” should be used to meet the relevant time synchronization requirements. This includes multiple operators in both the US and South Korea, as well as in Switzerland, Australia and UAE. The Ericsson Packet Core Firewall provides a fusion of user plane security and advanced security functions. In early 2018 Ericsson has launched the industry’s first 5G NR-capable ra-dio, called Ericsson AIR 6468. OAS is based on round-trip time measurement similar to PTP, with the advantage that the asymmetries are generally small over the air, making it possible to achieve good time alignment. This is particularly relevant for cases that require GNSS redundancy (to protect against jamming or spoofing events, for example), where the distribution of timing over the transport network as a complement to a local GNSS receiver should be considered. A variety of features that benefit from coordinated transmission or receptions from multiple TRxPs have been standardized over the years, all with different purposes and characteristics. Modern Slavery Statement | Privacy | Legal | © Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson 1994-2021, 5G synchronization requirements and solutions, Redefine customer experience in real time, Ericsson Technology Review, Critical IoT connectivity: Ideal for time-critical communications, June 2, 2020, Alriksson, F; Boström, L; Sachs, J; Wang, Y.-P. E; Zaidi, Ali, 3GPP technical specification TS 38.133, NR; Requirements for support of radio resource management, 3GPP technical specification TS 38.401, NG-RAN; Architecture Description, 3GPP technical specification TS 23.501, System architecture for the 5G System (5GS), Ericsson Technology Review, 5G-TSN integration meets networking requirements for industrial automation, August 27, 2019, Farkas, J; Varga, B; Miklós, G; Sachs, J, ITU Technical Report TP-GSTR-GNSS – Considerations on the use of GNSS as a primary time reference in telecommunications, 2020, IEEE 1588-2019 – IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems, June 16, 2020, ITU-T Recommendations G.826x and G.827x series (G.8200-G.8299: Synchronization, quality and availability targets, 3GPP technical specification TR 38.801, Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Study on new radio access technology: Radio access architecture and interfaces, 3GPP technical specification TS 38.104, NR; Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception, Ericsson white paper, 5G wireless access: an overview, Integrated access and backhaul – a new type of wireless backhaul in 5G, Ericsson white paper, Cellular IoT in the 5G era, the cells must use the same TDD configuration. Watch this video for an overview of our multi-access, high-performance and cost-effective core platform for 5G above or explore our assets below to gain more insights. 5G will be offered through 5G towers but not only. A toolkit lets integrated operators run their mobile and fixed-line operations on a common 5G core. Read our TCO benefits paper (executive summary) (full version). 5G capable networks are now a reality around the globe, however, these new 5G networks will co-exist side by side with 4G ones for many years, while at the same time efficiencies need to be improved in order to capture new opportunities. Ericsson’s dual-mode 5G Core is built on cloud-native, microservices-based technology and combines Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and 5G Core (5GC) network functions into a common multi-access and cloud-native platform that supports 5G and as well as previous generations for optimized footprint and TCO efficiency. Rather, the required TAE would depend on actual deployment, its RF characteristics and the UEs’ relative position between the TRxPs, as shown in Figure 3. You’ve probably heard about advanced 5G use cases which, thanks to ultra-low network latency and very high throughputs, will revolutionize businesses and the day-to-day lives of consumers. This includes using Precision Time Protocol (PTP) and radio interface-based methods to synchronize distributed radio units in the evolved RAN architecture, where the upper and lower parts of the 5G New Radio (NR) RAN are separated in the different logical units: the centralized unit (CU), the distributed unit (DU) and the radio unit (RU). The data carried between a DU and an RU uses Ethernet-based transport. Download our 5G core programmability paper to learn more. Discover more on how our software approach will help you stay competitive. We have compiled a comprehensive toolbox of synchronization techniques that can be used to provide appropriate frequency synchronization and time alignment of the radio network with minimal disruption. Ericsson ERIC recently announced that its 5G Radio Access Network and Core products and solutions are driving Orange Spain’s 5G services in Madrid and Barcelona. The operator’s goal was to provide 5G coverage to 75% of the Spanish population by the end of 2020. This can be done by simply setting API parameters as opposed to running complex network integration projects, allowing for multiple network operations towards IoT devices previously considered impossible or too expensive. Accurate and reliable synchronization has long been a fundamental prerequisite for the correct operation of telecommunications networks. The duration of the guard period needs to cater for four effects: Since guard periods are not used for communication, they reduce the time ratio when spectrum resources can be used. Read our guide Building a new world - evolving from EPC to 5G Core. To decrease overheads, the emphasis is on striving to keep the guard periods short, while still catering for the desired effects. Ericsson's core network and automation solutions provide the capability and flexibility to meet new services, business models & use cases around 5G & IoT. UTC traceability does not imply that UTC time is recovered or that leap seconds are used; in fact, the 3GPP also requires the use of continuous time without leap seconds. For many features, what matters more than anything else is the relative time error between neighboring base stations. This Ericsson Technology Review article explains the main categories of 5G synchronization requirements and presents a toolbox of solutions for all relevant scenarios, the most challenging of which can often be addressed within the RAN domain. GNSS services include GPS, BDS (the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System) and Galileo [6], and are offered by several space agencies. Verizon and Sprint share what comes next on their core network transition from 4G to 5G. The 3GPP has therefore defined a maximum receive timing difference (MRTD) as a maximum relative receive timing difference the UE must be capable of handling. Another important aspect of the PTP network planning is time error budget planning, which depends on the dimension of the network and the accuracy of the PTP-aware network elements. Industrial automation is just one example of a use case that requires accurate timing and is likely to generate additional synchronization requirements in the near future. Each Network Function (NF) is formed by a combination of small pieces of software code called as microservices. However, to unlock 5G’s full potential NR standalone (SA) and 5G Core (5GC) is needed. Ericsson’s dual-mode 5G Core is built on cloud-native, microservices-based technology and combines Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and 5G Core (5GC) network functions into a common multi-access and cloud-native platform that supports 5G and as well as previous generations for optimized footprint and TCO efficiency. GNSS is based on satellites having a known time and orbit position, transmitting messages whose arrival are measured by the GNSS receiver. This allows a design with independent synchronization references. Redundancy is achieved through a PTP network that is fed from geographically redundant T-GMs and distributes timing over the same physically redundant topologies that are used for user traffic. An important aspect of this is that a base station may use PTP for the delivery of both time synchronization and frequency synchronization. A core network for 5G is more than 5G Core. The solution also includes services exposure capabilities to explore new business opportunities in the industry and in-build software probes and an integrated firewall to increase 5G network security. It enables CSPs to: What can Ericsson dual-mode 5G Core do for you? Operators use Ericsson products to migrate from 2G to 3G and, most recently, to 4G networks. Short disruptions due to interference and blocking are common, but the negative impact can be avoided or limited by the base station’s holdover using the local oscillator – up to a few hours for a TDD base station, for example. Explore all of these different areas, that will form the foundation of your cloud-native core network for 5G, and learn what you need to do to prepare them to release 5G’s full potential in your network. Frequency synchronization based on packet protocols like Network Time Protocol (NTP) or PTP using the G.8265.1 profile (in a PTP-unaware network) has proven to be the most cost-efficient solution in LTE-FDD networks, where frequency synchronization alone was often sufficient. Network synchronization is key to optimal radio network performance. Alongside 5G new radio (NR), 5G Core is a fundamental cornerstone of 5G networks. A GNSS-based solution installed directly at base station sites can provide cost-efficient, accurate and predictable time synchronization of the radio network without any support from the transport network. Operational Knowledge of Multi-Vendor transmission Nodes - Ericsson / Nokia / Huawei / Ceragon Telecom equipment. This message exchange enables the distribution of the time from the PTP grandmaster and estimates the path delay. These segments are Massive IoT, Broadband IoT, Critical IoT and Industrial Automation IoT. TSNs in industrial applications generally require the distribution of time synchronization to the industrial subnetworks used for functionality such as robot control or autonomous vehicles. Ericsson is a technology leader in 5G. is an expert in the physical layer of radio access at Business Area Networks, where he is currently focusing on analysis and solutions related to the architecture, deployment and functionality required by 5G RAN. He also contributes actively to ITU-T SG15 Q13 and IEEE 1588. There are guidelines for this in G.8271.1 [8]. . It is the ‘business end’ of mobile broadband and IoT networks. Therefore, the architecture is separated into functional … Specified by IEEE 1588, PTP has been selected by the telecom industry to distribute accurate time synchronization from an accurate master, such as GNSS. sufficient transient time when the transmitter changes between defined ON/OFF power levels (TOn Off, TOff On), sufficient time for the UE and base station to change between transmit and receive modes (TRX TX, TX TRX). That is, MRTD = TAE + ∆Tprop. in electrical engineering from Lund University in Sweden. This paper presents a clear evolution plan for addressing all 5G-IoT use cases, from basic to the most complex, in a cost-efficient, smooth and future-proof way. The 3GPP technical specification TS 23.501 [4] presents an architecture and methods that enable the successful integration of a 5G network into a TSN synchronization network. These features and related timing requirements are applicable within a single operator network, and as a result, control of relative time error between antennas used by the feature is sufficient. 5G devices will likely be introduced towards the end of 2018. Although the fundamental synchronization requirements have not become more stringent in 5G, the need for time synchronization has become much more critical. The 5G Core (5GC) is the heart of the mobile network where ultra-connectivity translates into service differentiation and business flexibility. Prior to 5G, the 3 rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) focused entirely on mobile networks. To address the synchronization needs in these scenarios, the O-RAN specification defines different synchronization topologies. Allocation of a budget to the different components of the guard period is the result of a trade-off between cost (product and deployment), availability, TDD periodicity and overheads. He holds an M.Sc. Lars Magnus ... mobile switching centers and service application nodes. For colocated D and E, the TAE of D-E is generally less than the TAE of A-B. Ruffini holds a M.Sc. The strict MRTD, and thereby TAE, relates to features using the same frequencies (like MIMO (multiple-input, multiple-output)) or at adjacent spectrum (like contiguous carrier aggregation) where common or shared functions in the RF chain could cause strict timing dependencies. The same architecture can also be used to support the industrial application by distributing the timing of the 5G network to the TSN [5]. The network evolution from EPC to 5G Core plays a central role in creating a powerful programmable network platform for 5G, capable of being exposed and automated, for service providers to extract more value and become contributors in existing and emerging ecosystems. . Market insight: Leader in 5G Core? The new 5GC architecture addresses the needs of not just today, but the future – raising mobile communications to unprecedented levels and making it possible to digitalize entire societies. Pioneering customers select us as their 5G partner and we are first with commercial live networks in four continents. Assisted partial timing support (APTS), which concerns the use of PTP as a backup for GNSS, is an important implementation of the G.8275.2 profile. Telefonica currently offers 5G connectivity to approximately 1,300 towns and cities across the Spain, according to the report. With the network exposure capabilities from the dual-mode 5G Core, service providers can now begin to use a common suite of pre-integrated, standard Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to program and control connectivity services between IoT devices and application functions. Also, cars will use 5G technology for different services. Ericsson leads the implementation of 5G worldwide, partly through the use of massive MIMO technology. The ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector) specification of the primary reference time clock (PRTC) includes the possibility for the PRTC to be synchronized with GNSS. In Ooredoo Qatar’s network, Ericsson Radio System has facilitated a fast nationwide 5G coverage. Based on the level of required MRTD, three main categories could be identified: In the case of MRTD as a fraction of the CP, the remaining duration of the CP allows for channel delay spread. The basic concept is to distribute time synchronization from the PTP “grandmaster” to the leaf PTP clocks, using PTP messages. Two PTP profiles have been defined for the use of PTP in telecom – G.8275.1 (PTP with full timing support from the network) and G.8275.2 (PTP with partial timing support from the network) [8]. The fundamental technologies to address these requirements come from the GNSS, which provides the basic technology for a time synchronization master, enabling global distribution of a UTC-traceable reference. This approach allows new 5G services to be introduced quickly while maximizing the reuse of existing 4G networks. The time and frequency synchronization distribution can be achieved using a combination of PTP and synchronous Ethernet. While the level of the required synchronization accuracy depends on several factors, it would be a mistake to apply the tightest synchronization requirement as a general 5G requirement, as doing so would make the cost for 5G and the future evolution of the mobile technologies unsustainable. While many applications benefit from accurate time synchronization, it is important to realize that high time accuracy over large areas can be very costly. Features requiring stricter synchronization are generally implemented between neighboring base stations. This is not always the case in real networks due to factors such as different fiber length or the use of different wavelengths in the optical transmission. As noted in the bottom of the figure, ∆Tprop_UE1 and ∆Tprop_UE4 are less than ∆Tprop_UE2, which is less than ∆Tprop_UE3. Only then will your network perform at scale, adapt at pace and unlock new revenue streams. Check the latest information on our 5G agreements. Some relate to combining spectrum assets, thereby allowing total higher aggregated bandwidth and throughput (carrier aggregation, dual connectivity and so on), while others relate to improving link performance at the cell edge (variants of coordinated multi-point operation, for example). The DU may be part of the synchronization chain or just a consumer of the synchronization. 5G New Radio introduces a new type of wireless backhaul known as integrated access and backhaul that is of particular interest for dense deployment of street-level radio nodes. In this context, over-the-air synchronization (OAS) is a powerful tool. The capabilities of 5G wireless access extend far beyond previous generations of mobile communications. The journey to 5G Core makes network insights essential, but the traditional approach to data collection is unsustainable. Distributing time synchronization over the same transport network infrastructure used for user data has the benefits of providing the same level of robustness and redundancy for timing as for the user traffic itself. Ericsson is the market leader in terms of 5G live networks across 5 continents. Ericsson's 5G New Radio RAN is an integral component of its 5G platform and includes software support for shift from LTE (a 4G mobile communications … In many cases, synchronization in a mobile network will benefit from the implementation of a combination of methods. Some of them are implemented in the RAN domain, while others are implemented in the transport domain. The two main RAN-based solutions are GNSS-based synchronization and over-the-air synchronization (OAS). This results in synchronization requirements in the microsecond range between nodes in the TSN. Finding the right balance between timing accuracy, availability and cost is key to making services successful. In this project, Ericsson will deliver a comprehensive portfolio of telecom services. Figure 3: Synchronization for coordinated transmission/reception. After first joining Ericsson in 1997 to … In these parts of the network, OAS provides an alternative solution for synchronizing the radio nodes without requiring the support of a transport network. According to its SpeedTest field research, a network speed of 959.39Mbps in the UAE puts it at the top of the global list, ahead of Saudi Arabia (921.11Mbps) and Norway (865.57Mbps). Over-the-air synchronization (OAS) methods provide an attractive synchronization alternative in this case. Several aspects need to be considered when selecting the most appropriate synchronization solution(s), including installation and operation costs, synchronization accuracy, robustness and availability targets. It is integrated with Ericsson Packet Core Gateway in Ericsson’s dual-mode 5G Core offering and addresses security use cases for core network deployments in mobile broadband and IoT segments. Thanks to our dual-mode core solution - and its embedded API management module - both 4G and 5G core network APIs can be combined into customized service APIs to be exposed to partners and application functions in a controlled and secure way. Most of the relevant synchronization requirements are defined by the 3GPP. In short, 5GC is a fundamental piece of the 5G network to: What are the key characteristics and benefits from 5G Core (5GC) and New Radio (NR) standalone? Ericsson ERIC recently inked a deal for an undisclosed amount with China Telecom and China Unicom to offer core products and solutions for 5G … Time and phase synchronization is particularly important in 5G networks. Ericsson is a technology leader in 5G. Figure 4: Recommended synchronization solutions. The path delay estimation assumes that the delay of the two transmission directions is symmetric. Ericsson ERIC recently made a significant headway in strengthening its market position in the 5G Enterprise market by acquiring Cradlepoint for an enterprise value of $1.1 billion. He holds an M. Sc. One promising method for time alignment of the radio network is to use information over the NR air interface. These applications require synchronization accuracy in the same range as the TSN. joined Ericsson in 1993. TDD radio frames inherently require time and phase alignment between radio base stations, to prevent interferences and related loss of traffic. Download your guide to building a cloud native 5G Core. Moreover, the time error can be better estimated during holdover, making it possible to take consequent actions per service (TDD, for example). The challenge Increase the port capacity and safety with To meet the TDD “relative” synchronization requirement that cell phase synchronization must be better than 3µs, the accuracy of the time synchronization reference at the input to the base station must always be better than ±1.1µs when measured against a standard time reference. However, during technology shifts and business transformations it becomes crucial. The time period a clock can remain within the required accuracy depends on the stability of the assisting source. Still others relate to specific services like Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service over a Single Frequency Network. For example, synchronous dual connectivity allows an MRTD of up to 33µs, of which 30µs can be allocated for ∆Tprop and the remaining 3µs for TAE. The Future Network Architecture needs to provide for a lot of various types of functionality and at the same time it is required to be able to deploy that functionality in different physical locations. It is an evolution of our powerful virtualized portfolio, designed for cloud deployment, consisting of our Cloud Packet Core, Cloud Unified Data Management (UDM) and Policy and Signaling Controller products. Ericsson's 5G radio network products build further on proven 4G platforms which, today, offer state-of-the art security functions such as support for secure protocols, e.g. The distribution of time-phase and frequency synchronization has been addressed in several ITU-T recommendations [8]. To that end, 5G enabled networks need to be designed from an end-to-end perspective, beyond mobile access. He is an expert at Ericsson Research working on synchronization and transport solutions. Synchronization methodologies and architectures applicable to a switched fronthaul have also been covered in G.8271.1 [8]. Examples include time-sensitive networks (TSNs), smart grid applications and the UE device-positioning use case. Some microservices can even be re-used for different NFs, making implementation more effective and facilitating independent life-cycle management – which allows upgrades and new functionalities to be deployed with zero impact on running services. It establishes reliable and secure connectivity to the network and access to its services, determines the quality of service and enforces it through policy allowing services differentiation and handles wide area mobility throughout the network. The authors would like to thank Jonas Edstam, Anders Höglund, Mats Höglund, Gábor Kovács and Mårten Wahlström for their contributions to this article. Pioneering customers select us as their 5G partner and we are first with commercial live networks in four continents. OAS uses timing information sent over the radio interface between neighboring base stations. In this new architecture each Network Function (NF) offers one or more services to other NFs via Application Programming Interfaces (API). 5G wireless access provides wireless connectivity for a wide range of new applications and use cases. The new 5GC architecture called as Service-Based Architecture (SBA), is built using IT network principles and cloud native technology. He is currently an active contributor to ITU-T SG15 Q13 (serving as rapporteur) and other relevant synchronization standardization bodies, as well as serving as the chair of the International Timing and Sync Forum (ITSF). A margin of 400ns is left to the end application to fulfill ± 1.5µs on the radio interface. Even if features in this category can be served from distributed TRxPs (where generally ∆Tprop≠ 0) – that is, not being restricted to a colocated/inter-site deployment scenario – it would be difficult to specify and mandate a single fixed TAE. 5G Core enables new ways of achieving challenging business and operational goals. For the same delay spread, UE1 and UE4 can tolerate larger TAE than UE2 and UE3. Soft Skill & Behavioural Proficiency: Effective communication & Presentation skill. The RU is the main user of synchronization and it may also be synchronized by a timing reference generated directly at the radio site. For example, 1m corresponds to a synchronization accuracy of around 3ns, which is orders of magnitude more stringent than other radio network synchronization requirements. To mitigate such effects, the transport network requires PTP-aware network elements such as boundary clocks or transparent clocks as well as support of PTP across the entire time distribution chain (“full timing support from the network” as described in G.8275.1). Spanish operator Telefonica’s 5G network already reaches 80% of the country’s population, local press reported. When it comes to 5G technology, many providers have been using the 5G cells which are also called nodes. To limit the effects of asymmetry and packet delay variation that could be created by the network nodes (switches and routers, for example), IEEE 1588 has specified the “boundary clock” and “transparent clock” functions with event message timestamping in the hardware layer. This includes multiple operators in both the US and South Korea, as well as in Switzerland, Australia and UAE. the deviation in frame start timing between cells must be below a maximum value specified as cell phase synchronization accuracy in the 3GPP. MRTD as a fraction of a cyclic prefix (CP). 5G makes it possible to serve several applications that have previously been supported either by wireline or by non-standard radio technologies, such as Critical Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial Automation IoT services [1] for which time synchronization is fundamental. joined Ericsson in 1997 and currently serves as a system developer. Authors: Stefano Ruffini, Mikael Johansson, Björn Pohlman, Magnus Sandgren, APTS – Assisted Partial Timing SupportCP – Cyclic Prefix CPRI – Common Public Radio Interface CU – Centralized UnitDL – DownlinkDU – Distributed UniteCPRI – Enhanced CPRI ePRTC – Enhanced Primary Reference Time Clock FTS – Full Timing SupportGNSS – Global Navigation Satellite SystemIoT – Internet of ThingsITU-T – International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization SectorMRTD – Maximum Receive Timing DifferenceNR – New RadioNTP – Network Time Protocol OAS – Over-the-Air SynchronizationPRTC – Primary Reference Time ClockPTP – Precision Time ProtocolRF – Radio FrequencyRU – Radio UnitRX – ReceptionT-GM – Telecom GrandmasterTAE – Time Alignment ErrorTSN – Time-Sensitive Network/NetworkingTX – TransmissionUE – User EquipmentUL – Uplink UTC – Coordinated Universal Time. Is symmetric timing between cells must be below a maximum value specified cell... 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